Feem ntau hais lus, nws yog qhov nyuaj kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis ua haujlwm me me hauv kev txhim kho, tsim khoom thiab siv cov khoom siv semiconductor.Nrog rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov khoom lag luam zoo, kev soj ntsuam tsis ua haujlwm tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb.Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov chips tshwj xeeb tsis ua hauj lwm, Nws tuaj yeem pab cov neeg tsim hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob pom qhov tsis xws ntawm cov cuab yeej tsim, qhov tsis sib haum ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis tsim nyog, tsim tsis tsim nyog ntawm peripheral circuit lossis kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo los ntawm qhov teeb meem.Qhov tsim nyog ntawm kev soj ntsuam tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov hauv qab no:
(1) Kev soj ntsuam tsis ua haujlwm yog qhov tsim nyog los txiav txim siab qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab nti;
(2) Kev soj ntsuam tsis ua tiav muab cov hauv paus tsim nyog thiab cov ntaub ntawv rau kev kuaj xyuas qhov tsis raug;
(3) Kev soj ntsuam tsis ua tiav muab cov ntaub ntawv tawm tswv yim tsim nyog rau cov kws tsim qauv tsim kho txuas ntxiv lossis kho cov qauv tsim thiab ua kom tsim nyog raws li cov qauv tsim;
(4) Kev soj ntsuam tsis ua tiav tuaj yeem muab qhov tsim nyog ntxiv rau kev sim ntau lawm thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog rau kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem kuaj xyuas.
Rau qhov tsis ua hauj lwm tsom xam ntawm semiconductor diodes, audions los yog integrated circuits, hluav taws xob tsis zoo yuav tsum tau kuaj ua ntej, thiab tom qab qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas nyob rau hauv lub optical microscope, lub ntim yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.Thaum tswj xyuas qhov kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov nti ua haujlwm, cov kev coj ua sab hauv thiab sab nraud, cov ntsiab lus sib txuas thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov nti yuav tsum tau khaws cia kom deb li deb tau, txhawm rau npaj rau cov kauj ruam tom ntej ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas.
Siv lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab lub zog spectrum los ua qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no: suav nrog kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub microscopic morphology, kev tshawb nrhiav tsis ua haujlwm, kev soj ntsuam qhov tsis xws thiab qhov chaw, ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm lub cuab yeej microscopic geometry loj thiab ntxhib saum npoo muaj peev xwm faib tawm thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub rooj vag digital. Circuit Court (nrog rau qhov sib piv cov duab duab);Siv lub zog spectrometer lossis spectrometer los ua qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no muaj: kev tsom xam cov khoom siv hauv microscopic, cov qauv khoom siv lossis kev tsom xam cov pa phem.
01. Qhov chaw tsis xws luag thiab kub hnyiab ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor
Qhov chaw tsis xws luag thiab hlawv tawm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor yog ob qho tib si kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, raws li pom hauv daim duab 1, uas yog qhov tsis xws luag ntawm cov txheej txheem huv ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke.
Daim duab 2 qhia txog qhov tsis xws luag ntawm cov txheej metallized ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke.
Daim duab 3 qhia txog kev sib tawg ntawm ob lub hlau strips ntawm kev sib koom ua ke.
Daim duab 4 qhia tau hais tias cov hlau nplaum tawg thiab skew deformation ntawm tus choj huab cua hauv lub tshuab microwave.
Daim duab 5 qhia cov kab hluav taws kub ntawm lub microwave tube.
Daim duab 6 qhia txog kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke.
Daim duab 7 qhia txog mesa diode nti qhib thiab qhov tsis xws luag.
Daim duab 8 qhia txog kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv diode ntawm cov tswv yim ntawm kev sib koom ua ke.
Daim duab 9 qhia tau hais tias qhov saum npoo ntawm cov nti sib xyaw ua ke raug puas tsuaj los ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv.
Daim duab 10 qhia tau hais tias ib nrab burnout ntawm lub integrated circuit nti.
Daim duab 11 qhia tau hais tias lub diode nti tau tawg thiab kub hnyiab heev, thiab cov ntsiab lus tawg tau hloov mus rau hauv lub xeev melting.
Daim duab 12 qhia tau hais tias lub gallium nitride microwave hwj chim raj nti hlawv, thiab qhov kub hnyiab tau nthuav tawm lub xeev molten sputtering.
02. Electrostatic tawg
Cov khoom siv semiconductor los ntawm kev tsim khoom, ntim khoom, kev thauj mus los mus txog rau ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm hauv Circuit Court rau kev ntxig, vuam, tshuab dhos thiab lwm yam txheej txheem yog nyob rau hauv kev hem thawj ntawm hluav taws xob zoo li qub.Hauv cov txheej txheem no, kev thauj mus los tau raug puas tsuaj vim kev txav mus los thiab yooj yim raug rau cov hluav taws xob zoo li qub uas tsim los ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab nraud.Yog li ntawd, kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau kev tiv thaiv electrostatic thaum sib kis thiab kev thauj mus los kom tsis txhob poob.
Hauv cov khoom siv semiconductor nrog unipolar MOS raj thiab MOS kev sib xyaw ua ke yog qhov tshwj xeeb rau cov hluav taws xob zoo li qub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog MOS raj, vim tias nws tus kheej cov tswv yim kuj yog siab heev, thiab lub rooj vag-qhov chaw electrode capacitance yog me me, yog li nws yooj yim heev los ua. cuam tshuam los ntawm sab nraud electromagnetic teb los yog electrostatic induction thiab them, thiab vim hais tias ntawm lub electrostatic tiam, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau discharge them nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus ua kom lub tsub zuj zuj ntawm static hluav taws xob mus rau lub instantaneous tawg ntawm lub ntaus ntawv.Daim ntawv ntawm electrostatic tawg yog tsuas yog hluav taws xob ingenious tawg, uas yog, nyias oxide txheej ntawm daim phiaj yog tawg, tsim ib tug pinhole, uas shorts qhov sib txawv ntawm daim phiaj thiab qhov chaw los yog ntawm daim phiaj thiab cov ntws.
Thiab cov txheeb ze rau MOS tube MOS kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj muaj peev xwm zoo dua me ntsis, vim tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm MOS kev sib xyaw ua ke yog nruab nrog kev tiv thaiv diode.Thaum muaj qhov hluav taws xob loj hluav taws xob lossis hluav taws xob hluav taws xob mus rau feem ntau ntawm cov diodes tiv thaiv tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv av, tab sis yog tias qhov hluav taws xob siab dhau los yog qhov tam sim no amplification tam sim no loj dhau, qee zaum cov diodes tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej, raws li qhia hauv daim duab. 8.
Ob peb daim duab qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 13 yog cov electrostatic breakdown topography ntawm MOS integrated circuit.Lub ntsiab lus tawg yog me me thiab tob, nthuav tawm lub xeev molten sputtering.
Daim duab 14 qhia txog cov tsos ntawm electrostatic tawg ntawm lub taub hau hlau nplaum ntawm lub computer hard disk.
Lub sij hawm xa tuaj: Plaub Hlis-08-2023