Tswj chav kawm nti qhia
Cov nti tswj feem ntau yog hais txog MCU (Microcontroller Unit), uas yog, microcontroller, tseem hu ua ib nti, yog txo qis CPU zaus thiab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb kom tsim nyog, thiab lub cim xeeb, timer, A / D hloov dua siab tshiab, moos, Kuv. / O chaw nres nkoj thiab serial kev sib txuas lus thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm modules thiab kev sib txuas ua ke ntawm ib nti. Realizing lub davhlau ya nyob twg tswj kev ua haujlwm, nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, programmable thiab siab yooj.
MCU daim duab ntawm lub tsheb ntsuas qib
Automotive yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev daim ntawv thov cheeb tsam ntawm MCU, raws li IC Insights cov ntaub ntawv, nyob rau hauv 2019, lub ntiaj teb no MCU daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv automotive electronics suav txog li 33%. Tus naj npawb ntawm MCUS siv los ntawm txhua lub tsheb hauv cov qauv high-end yog ze rau 100, los ntawm kev tsav tsheb hauv computer, LCD seev, mus rau lub cav, chassis, cov khoom loj thiab me hauv lub tsheb xav tau kev tswj xyuas MCU.
Thaum ntxov, 8-ntsis thiab 16-ntsis MCUS tau siv tsuas yog hauv tsheb, tab sis nrog kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm tsheb hluav taws xob thiab kev txawj ntse, tus naj npawb thiab qhov zoo ntawm MCUS yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv. Tam sim no, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm 32-ntsis MCUS hauv tsheb MCUS tau txog li 60%, ntawm uas ARM's Cortex series ntsiav, vim nws cov nqi qis thiab kev tswj fais fab zoo, yog qhov kev xaiv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tuam txhab tsheb MCU.
Lub ntsiab tsis tseem ceeb ntawm automotive MCU muaj xws li kev khiav hauj lwm voltage, kev khiav hauj lwm zaus, Flash thiab RAM muaj peev xwm, timer module thiab channel tooj, ADC module thiab channel tooj, serial kev sib txuas lus interface hom thiab tooj, input thiab output I / O chaw nres nkoj tooj, kev khiav hauj lwm kub, pob daim ntawv thiab qib kev nyab xeeb.
Muab faib los ntawm CPU cov khoom, automotive MCUS tuaj yeem muab faib ua 8 khoom, 16 khoom thiab 32 khoom. Nrog rau cov txheej txheem kev hloov kho tshiab, tus nqi ntawm 32-ntsis MCUS tseem poob qis, thiab tam sim no nws tau dhau los ua cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, thiab nws tau maj mam hloov cov ntawv thov thiab kev lag luam los ntawm 8/16-ntsis MCUS yav dhau los.
Yog tias muab faib raws li daim ntawv thov daim teb, lub tsheb MCU tuaj yeem muab faib rau hauv lub cev sau npe, lub zog lub zog, lub chassis domain, lub cockpit domain thiab lub chaw tsav tsheb ntse. Rau lub cockpit domain thiab lub chaw tsav tsheb ntse, MCU yuav tsum muaj lub tshuab xam zauv siab thiab kev sib txuas lus sib txuas ceev ceev, xws li CAN FD thiab Ethernet. Lub cev tseem ceeb kuj xav tau ntau qhov kev sib txuas lus sab nraud, tab sis cov kev xav tau ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm MCU yog qhov tsawg, thaum lub zog sau thiab chassis domain xav tau kev ua haujlwm siab dua thiab kev ua haujlwm ruaj ntseg.
Chassis domain tswj chip
Chassis domain muaj feem xyuam rau kev tsav tsheb thiab yog tsim los ntawm kev sib kis, kev tsav tsheb, kev tswj xyuas thiab kev nres tsheb. Nws yog tsim los ntawm tsib subsystems, uas yog lub kauj, braking, hloov, throttle thiab ncua kev kawm ntawv system. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm lub tsheb txawj ntse, kev paub txog kev paub, kev txiav txim siab kev npaj thiab kev tswj xyuas cov tsheb txawj ntse yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm chassis domain. Steering-los-wire thiab drive-by-wire yog cov khoom tseem ceeb rau cov thawj coj kawg ntawm kev tsav tsheb tsis siv neeg.
(1) Txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm
Lub chassis domain ECU siv lub tshuab ua haujlwm siab, ua kom muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ruaj ntseg platform thiab txhawb nqa sensor clustering thiab multi-axis inertial sensors. Raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm daim ntawv thov no, cov cai hauv qab no tau npaj rau lub chassis sau MCU:
· High zaus thiab kev siv hluav taws xob siab, lub ntsiab zaus tsis tsawg dua 200MHz thiab lub zog suav tsis tsawg dua 300DMIPS
· Flash cia qhov chaw tsis tsawg tshaj 2MB, nrog code Flash thiab cov ntaub ntawv Flash lub cev muab faib;
· RAM tsis tsawg dua 512KB;
· Cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, tuaj yeem ncav cuag qib ASIL-D;
· Txhawb 12-ntsis precision ADC;
· Txhawb 32-ntsis siab precision, siab synchronization timer;
· Txhawb ntau channel CAN-FD;
· Txhawb tsis pub tsawg tshaj 100M Ethernet;
· Kev ntseeg siab tsis qis dua AEC-Q100 Qib1;
· Txhawb kev hloov kho hauv online (OTA);
· Txhawb firmware pov thawj muaj nuj nqi (national secret algorithm);
(2) Cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm
· Kernel ntu:
I. Core zaus: uas yog, lub moos zaus thaum lub kernel ua haujlwm, uas yog siv los sawv cev rau qhov ceev ntawm lub kernel digital pulse signal oscillation, thiab lub ntsiab zaus tsis tuaj yeem sawv cev ncaj qha rau kev suav ceev ntawm lub kernel. Kernel kev khiav hauj lwm ceev kuj tseem muaj feem xyuam rau cov kav raj xa dej, cache, kev qhia teeb, thiab lwm yam.
II. Kev suav fais fab: DMIPS feem ntau tuaj yeem siv rau kev ntsuas. DMIPS yog ib chav tsev uas ntsuas qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm MCU kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov ntsuas ntsuas thaum nws raug sim.
· Memory parameters:
I. Code nco: nco siv los khaws code;
II. Cov ntaub ntawv nco: nco siv los khaws cov ntaub ntawv;
III.RAM: Lub cim xeeb siv los khaws cov ntaub ntawv ib ntus thiab cov lej.
· Tsheb npav sib txuas lus: suav nrog tsheb npav tshwj xeeb thiab tsheb npav sib txuas lus ib txwm muaj;
· High-precision peripherals;
· Ua haujlwm kub;
(3) Muaj qauv
Raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob siv los ntawm cov kws tsim hluav taws xob sib txawv yuav sib txawv, cov kev xav tau ntawm lub chassis yuav txawv. Vim muaj kev sib txawv ntawm cov qauv sib txawv ntawm tib lub Hoobkas tsheb, kev xaiv ECU ntawm lub chassis yuav txawv. Cov kev sib txawv no yuav ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv MCU cov cai rau lub chassis domain. Piv txwv li, Honda Accord siv peb lub chassis sau MCU chips, thiab Audi Q7 siv txog 11 chassis domain MCU chips. Xyoo 2021, kev tsim khoom ntawm Suav hom tsheb neeg caij tsheb yog kwv yees li 10 lab, ntawm qhov nruab nrab qhov kev thov rau tsheb kauj vab chassis domain MCUS yog 5, thiab tag nrho cov lag luam tau mus txog 50 lab. Cov neeg xa khoom tseem ceeb ntawm MCUS thoob plaws hauv lub chassis yog Infineon, NXP, Renesas, Microchip, TI thiab ST. Cov tsib thoob ntiaj teb semiconductor cov neeg muag khoom suav nrog ntau dua 99% ntawm kev ua lag luam rau chassis domain MCUS.
(4) Kev lag luam teeb meem
Los ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev pom, cov khoom ntawm chassis domain xws li EPS, EPB, ESC muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog lub neej kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb, yog li qhov kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm ntawm chassis domain MCU yog siab heev, hauv paus ASIL-D qib xav tau. Qhov kev ua haujlwm kev nyab xeeb ntawm MCU yog qhov tsis muaj nyob hauv Suav teb. Ntxiv nrog rau qib kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm, daim ntawv thov scenarios ntawm chassis Cheebtsam muaj cov kev xav tau siab heev rau MCU zaus, suav lub zog, lub peev xwm nco, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, qhov raug thiab lwm yam. Chassis domain MCU tau tsim muaj kev lag luam siab heev, uas xav tau cov tuam txhab MCU hauv tsev los tawm tsam thiab tawg.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov saw saw, vim hais tias ntawm cov kev cai ntawm high zaus thiab siab xam hwj chim rau cov tswj nti ntawm lub chassis domain Cheebtsam, kuj yuav tsum tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej rau cov txheej txheem thiab txheej txheem ntawm wafer ntau lawm. Tam sim no, nws zoo li tias tsawg kawg 55nm txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua kom tau raws li MCU zaus yuav tsum siab tshaj 200MHz. Hauv qhov kev hwm no, MCU cov kab ntau lawm hauv tsev tsis tiav thiab tsis tau mus txog qib ntau lawm. Cov tuam txhab thoob ntiaj teb semiconductor tau pib siv tus qauv IDM, hais txog wafer foundries, tam sim no tsuas yog TSMC, UMC thiab GF muaj peev xwm sib xws. Cov chaw tsim khoom hauv tsev yog tag nrho cov tuam txhab Fabless, thiab muaj cov kev sib tw thiab qee qhov kev pheej hmoo hauv wafer raug tsim thiab muaj peev xwm.
Hauv cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb xws li kev tsav tsheb tsis raug cai, ib txwm siv lub hom phiaj cpus yog qhov nyuaj rau kev hloov kho rau AI cov kev xav tau vim lawv cov kev ua haujlwm qis, thiab AI chips xws li Gpus, FPgas thiab ASics muaj kev ua tau zoo ntawm ntug thiab huab nrog lawv tus kheej. yam ntxwv thiab tau siv dav. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm cov qauv siv thev naus laus zis, GPU tseem yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm AI nti hauv lub sijhawm luv, thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, ASIC yog qhov kev taw qhia kawg. Los ntawm kev xav ntawm kev lag luam tiam sis, lub ntiaj teb kev thov rau AI chips yuav tuav lub zog loj hlob sai, thiab huab thiab ntug chips muaj peev xwm loj hlob ntau dua, thiab kev lag luam kev loj hlob yuav tsum ze li 50% hauv tsib xyoos tom ntej. Txawm hais tias lub hauv paus ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev tsis muaj zog, nrog rau kev tsaws sai ntawm AI daim ntawv thov, qhov ntim ceev ntawm AI nti xav tau tsim lub sijhawm rau kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab kev muaj peev xwm loj hlob ntawm cov tuam txhab chip hauv zos. Autonomous tsav tsheb muaj cov kev cai nruj ntawm kev suav lub zog, qeeb thiab kev ntseeg tau. Tam sim no, GPU + FPGA cov kev daws teeb meem feem ntau yog siv. Nrog rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm algorithms thiab cov ntaub ntawv-tsav, ASics xav kom tau txais qhov chaw ua lag luam.
Ntau qhov chaw xav tau ntawm CPU nti rau ceg twv ua ntej thiab kev ua kom zoo, txuag ntau lub xeev kom txo qis latency ntawm txoj haujlwm hloov. Qhov no kuj ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev tswj xyuas logic, kev ua haujlwm serial thiab cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm dav dav. Siv GPU thiab CPU ua piv txwv, piv nrog CPU, GPU siv ntau lub khoos phis tawj thiab cov kav dej ntev, tsuas yog kev tswj xyuas yooj yim heev thiab tshem tawm Cache. Lub CPU tsis tsuas yog nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw los ntawm Cache, tab sis kuj muaj kev tswj cov logic thiab ntau qhov kev ua kom zoo dua qub, piv nrog lub tshuab xam zauv tsuas yog ib feem me me.
Power domain tswj chip
Fais fab domain maub los yog ib chav tswj fais fab ntse ntse. Nrog CAN / FLEXRAY kom ua tiav kev tswj hwm kev sib kis, kev tswj hwm roj teeb, saib xyuas kev hloov pauv kev tswj hwm, feem ntau yog siv rau kev txhim kho powertrain thiab kev tswj hwm, thaum ob qho tib si hluav taws xob ntse kev kuaj xyuas lub zog txuag hluav taws xob, kev sib txuas lus hauv tsheb npav thiab lwm yam haujlwm.
(1) Txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm
Lub zog tswj hwm MCU tuaj yeem txhawb nqa cov ntawv thov loj hauv lub zog, xws li BMS, nrog rau cov hauv qab no:
· Lub ntsiab zaus, lub ntsiab zaus 600MHz ~ 800MHz
· RAM 4 MB
· Cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, tuaj yeem ncav cuag qib ASIL-D;
· Txhawb ntau channel CAN-FD;
· Txhawb 2G Ethernet;
· Kev ntseeg siab tsis qis dua AEC-Q100 Qib1;
· Txhawb firmware pov thawj muaj nuj nqi (national secret algorithm);
(2) Cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm
Kev ua haujlwm siab: Cov khoom lag luam sib koom ua ke ARM Cortex R5 dual-core lock-step CPU thiab 4MB on-chip SRAM los txhawb kev nce kev suav lub zog thiab kev nco qab ntawm kev siv tsheb. ARM Cortex-R5F CPU mus txog 800MHz. Kev nyab xeeb siab: Lub tsheb tshwj xeeb kev ntseeg tau tus qauv AEC-Q100 nce mus txog Qib 1, thiab ISO26262 kev ua haujlwm kev nyab xeeb nce mus txog ASIL D. Lub kaw lus dual-core CPU tuaj yeem ua tiav txog 99% kev kuaj mob. Lub built-in ntaub ntawv kev ruaj ntseg module integrates muaj tseeb random tooj generator, AES, RSA, ECC, SHA, thiab kho vajtse accelerators uas ua raws li cov qauv ntawm lub xeev thiab kev ruaj ntseg kev lag luam. Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev ruaj ntseg no tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov ntawv thov xws li kev ruaj ntseg pib, kev sib txuas lus ruaj ntseg, ruaj ntseg firmware hloov tshiab thiab hloov kho tshiab.
Lub cev cheeb tsam tswj nti
Lub cev cheeb tsam yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm ntau yam haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub tsheb, tus tswj cheeb tsam lub cev kuj yog ntau thiab ntau, thiaj li yuav txo tau tus nqi ntawm cov maub los, txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsheb, kev koom ua ke yuav tsum tau muab tag nrho cov khoom siv ua haujlwm, los ntawm lub hauv ntej, nruab nrab. ib feem ntawm lub tsheb thiab sab nraub qaum ntawm lub tsheb, xws li lub teeb nres tsheb, lub teeb pom kev hauv qab, lub qhov rooj xauv qhov rooj, thiab txawm tias ob chav nyob pas nrig sib koom ua ke rau hauv tag nrho cov tswj.
Lub cev thaj chaw tswj feem ntau ua ke nrog BCM, PEPS, TPMS, Gateway thiab lwm yam haujlwm, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem nthuav dav lub rooj hloov kho, rearview daim iav tswj, cua txias tswj thiab lwm yam dej num, kev tswj thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm txhua tus actuator, tsim nyog thiab muaj txiaj ntsig kev faib cov peev txheej. . Cov haujlwm ntawm lub cev tswj hwm cheeb tsam muaj ntau, raws li qhia hauv qab no, tab sis tsis txwv rau cov npe ntawm no.
(1) Txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm
Cov kev xav tau tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv tsheb rau MCU tswj cov chips yog kev ruaj ntseg zoo dua, kev ntseeg siab, kev ruaj ntseg, lub sijhawm tiag tiag thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm siab dua thiab kev khaws cia, thiab kev siv hluav taws xob qis dua. Lub cev thaj chaw tswj tau maj mam hloov pauv los ntawm kev xa mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm loj mus rau tus maub los loj uas koom ua ke tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm lub cev hluav taws xob, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, teeb, qhov rooj, Windows, thiab lwm yam. tswj lub qhov rooj xauv, qhov rais thiab lwm yam kev tswj, PEPS cov yuam sij ntse, kev tswj fais fab, thiab lwm yam. Raws li lub rooj vag CAN, txuas ntxiv CANFD thiab FLEXRAY, LIN network, Ethernet interface thiab module tsim thiab tsim tshuab.
Feem ntau, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tswj hwm saum toj no rau MCU lub ntsiab tswj nti hauv cheeb tsam lub cev yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev suav thiab kev ua haujlwm, kev ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke, kev sib txuas lus, thiab kev ntseeg siab. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov kev cai tshwj xeeb, vim muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kev ua haujlwm sib txawv hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub cev, xws li lub zog Windows, lub rooj zaum tsis siv neeg, hluav taws xob tailgate thiab lwm yam kev siv lub cev, tseem muaj kev ua haujlwm siab tswj kev xav tau, xws li daim ntawv thov lub cev yuav tsum tau ua. MCU los koom ua ke FOC hluav taws xob tswj algorithm thiab lwm yam haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, sib txawv daim ntawv thov scenarios nyob rau hauv lub cev cheeb tsam muaj sib txawv yuav tsum tau rau lub interface configuration ntawm lub nti. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xaiv lub cev cheeb tsam MCU raws li kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb, thiab ntawm lub hauv paus no, ntsuas cov khoom lag luam zoo, kev muaj peev xwm thiab kev pabcuam thiab lwm yam.
(2) Cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm
Lub ntsiab lus qhia ntawm lub cev cheeb tsam tswj MCU nti yog raws li nram no:
Kev ua tau zoo: ARM Cortex-M4F @ 144MHz, 180DMIPS, built-in 8KB kev qhia Cache cache, txhawb Flash acceleration unit execution program 0 tos.
Loj muaj peev xwm encrypted nco: mus txog 512K Bytes eFlash, txhawb encrypted cia, muab faib thiab kev tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv, txhawb ECC pov thawj, 100,000 erase lub sij hawm, 10 xyoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tuav; 144K Bytes SRAM, txhawb kev kho vajtse parity.
Kev sib txuas lus nplua nuj kev sib txuas lus: Txhawb ntau lub channel GPIO, USART, UART, SPI, QSPI, I2C, SDIO, USB2.0, CAN 2.0B, EMAC, DVP thiab lwm yam kev sib tshuam.
Kev sib xyaw ua haujlwm siab simulator: Txhawb 12bit 5Msps high-speed ADC, rail-rau-rail ywj siab ua haujlwm amplifier, high-speed analog piv, 12 ntsis 1Msps DAC; Txhawb sab nraud cov tswv yim ywj pheej siv hluav taws xob qhov chaw, multi-channel capacitive kov yuam sij; Kev kub ceev DMA maub los.
Txhawb RC sab hauv lossis sab nraud siv lead ua moos input, muaj kev ntseeg siab rov pib dua.
Ua-nyob rau hauv calibration RTC lub sij hawm real-time moos, txhawb leap xyoo perpetual daim ntawv qhia hnub, tswb txheej xwm, raws sij hawm sawv.
Txhawb siab precision sij hawm txee.
Hardware-level security nta: Encryption algorithm hardware acceleration engine, txhawb AES, DES, TDES, SHA1/224/256, SM1, SM3, SM4, SM7, MD5 algorithms; Flash cia encryption, ntau tus neeg siv faib faib kev tswj hwm (MMU), TRNG tseeb random tooj generator, CRC16/32 ua haujlwm; Txhawb kev tiv thaiv kev sau ntawv (WRP), ntau qib kev nyeem ntawv (RDP) (L0 / L1 / L2); Txhawb kev ruaj ntseg startup, program encryption download, ruaj ntseg hloov tshiab.
Txhawb kev saib xyuas lub moos tsis ua haujlwm thiab saib xyuas kev tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj.
96-ntsis UID thiab 128-ntsis UCID.
Kev ntseeg siab ua haujlwm ib puag ncig: 1.8V ~ 3.6V / -40 ℃ ~ 105 ℃.
(3) Muaj qauv
Lub cev cheeb tsam hauv hluav taws xob yog nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev loj hlob rau ob qho tib si txawv teb chaws thiab domestic lag luam. Cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws xws li BCM, PEPS, qhov rooj thiab qhov rais, lub rooj zaum tswj thiab lwm yam khoom siv ib leeg muaj qhov sib sib zog nqus kev sib tw, thaum lub tuam txhab txawv teb chaws loj muaj kev pabcuam dav dav ntawm cov khoom lag luam, tso lub hauv paus rau lawv ua cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke. . Cov lag luam hauv tsev muaj qee qhov zoo hauv kev siv lub zog tshiab lub cev lub cev. Coj BYD ua piv txwv, hauv BYD lub tsheb tshiab lub zog, thaj tsam ntawm lub cev tau muab faib ua rau sab laug thiab sab xis, thiab cov khoom ntawm kev sib koom ua ke yog rov kho dua thiab txhais. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub cev tswj cov chips, tus neeg muag khoom tseem ceeb ntawm MCU tseem yog Infineon, NXP, Renesas, Microchip, ST thiab lwm cov tuam txhab thoob ntiaj teb nti, thiab cov tuam txhab nti hauv tsev tam sim no muaj kev lag luam qis.
(4) Kev lag luam teeb meem
Los ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm kev sib txuas lus, muaj cov txheej txheem evolution ntawm tsoos architecture-hybrid architecture-lub tsheb zaum kawg lub Computer Platform. Kev hloov pauv hauv kev sib txuas lus ceev, nrog rau tus nqi txo qis ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob yooj yim nrog kev ua haujlwm siab muaj kev nyab xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab nws muaj peev xwm maj mam paub txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov haujlwm sib txawv ntawm qib hluav taws xob ntawm tus maub los yooj yim yav tom ntej. Piv txwv li, tus tswj cheeb tsam lub cev tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke ib txwm muaj BCM, PEPS, thiab ripple anti-pinch functions. Hais txog kev hais lus, cov txheej txheem kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev cheeb tsam tswj nti yog qis dua lub zog cheeb tsam, thaj chaw cockpit, thiab lwm yam, thiab cov chips hauv tsev yuav tsum ua tus thawj coj hauv kev ua haujlwm zoo hauv lub cev thiab maj mam paub txog kev hloov pauv hauv tsev. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, MCU nyob rau hauv lub cev cheeb tsam pem hauv ntej thiab nram qab mounting kev lag luam muaj ib tug zoo heev lub sij hawm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob.
Cockpit tswj chip
Kev siv hluav taws xob, kev txawj ntse thiab kev sib txuas lus tau nrawm rau kev tsim kho tsheb hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob mus rau kev coj ua ntawm kev tswj hwm, thiab lub cockpit tseem tab tom txhim kho sai heev los ntawm lub tsheb audio thiab video lom ze system mus rau qhov ntse cockpit. Lub cockpit tau nthuav tawm nrog tib neeg-khoos phis tawj kev sib cuam tshuam, tab sis txawm tias nws yog yav dhau los infotainment system lossis lub chaw ua haujlwm ntse tam sim no, ntxiv rau muaj lub zog SOC nrog kev suav ceev, nws tseem xav tau lub sijhawm siab MCU los daws. cov ntaub ntawv sib cuam tshuam nrog lub tsheb. Kev maj mam nrov ntawm software-txhais tsheb, OTA thiab Autosar nyob rau hauv lub chav ua noj ntse ua rau cov kev xav tau rau MCU cov peev txheej hauv lub cockpit nce siab. Tshwj xeeb tau xav txog qhov xav tau ntau ntxiv rau FLASH thiab RAM muaj peev xwm, PIN suav qhov xav tau kuj tseem nce ntxiv, ntau txoj haujlwm nyuaj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo dua, tab sis kuj tseem muaj lub tsheb npav zoo dua.
(1) Txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm
MCU nyob rau hauv lub cabin cheeb tsam feem ntau paub txog kev tswj fais fab, kev tswj xyuas lub sijhawm, kev tswj xyuas lub network, kev kuaj mob, kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm tsheb, qhov tseem ceeb, kev tswj lub teeb, suab DSP / FM module tswj, kev tswj lub sijhawm thiab lwm yam haujlwm.
MCU cov ntaub ntawv xav tau:
· Lub ntsiab zaus thiab kev suav lub zog muaj qee qhov yuav tsum tau ua, qhov zaus ntawm lub ntsiab tsis tsawg dua 100MHz thiab lub zog suav tsis pub tsawg dua 200DMIPS;
· Flash cia qhov chaw tsis tsawg dua 1MB, nrog code Flash thiab cov ntaub ntawv Flash lub cev muab faib;
· RAM tsis tsawg dua 128KB;
· Cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, tuaj yeem ncav cuag qib ASIL-B;
· Txhawb ntau-channel ADC;
· Txhawb ntau channel CAN-FD;
· Kev cai tsheb Qib AEC-Q100 Qib1;
· Txhawb kev hloov kho hauv online (OTA), Flash txhawb nqa ob lub txhab nyiaj;
· SHE/HSM-lub teeb theem thiab saum toj no cov ntaub ntawv encryption cav yuav tsum tau los txhawb kev ruaj ntseg startup;
· Pin suav tsis tsawg tshaj 100PIN;
(2) Cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm
IO txhawb kev siv hluav taws xob dav dav (5.5v ~ 2.7v), IO chaw nres nkoj txhawb kev siv overvoltage;
Ntau lub teeb liab inputs hloov pauv raws li qhov voltage ntawm lub hwj chim mov roj teeb, thiab overvoltage yuav tshwm sim. Overvoltage tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov system stability thiab kev ntseeg tau.
Lub neej nco:
Lub neej voj voog ntawm lub tsheb yog ntau tshaj 10 xyoo, yog li lub tsheb MCU kev pab cuam khaws cia thiab cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia yuav tsum muaj lub neej ntev. Qhov kev zov me nyuam thiab cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia yuav tsum muaj qhov sib cais ntawm lub cev, thiab qhov kev zov me nyuam yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tsawg dua, yog li Endurance> 10K, thaum cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ntau zaus, yog li nws yuav tsum muaj ntau lub sijhawm tshem tawm. . Xa mus rau cov ntaub ntawv flash qhia Endurance> 100K, 15 xyoo (<1K). 10 xyoo (<100K).
Kev sib txuas lus tsheb npav interface;
Kev sib txuas lus tsheb npav thauj khoom ntawm lub tsheb tau nce siab dua, yog li cov tsoos CAN CAN tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li kev xav tau kev sib txuas lus, qhov kev xav tau tsheb npav ceev CAN-FD tau nce siab dua, txhawb nqa CAN-FD tau maj mam dhau los ua tus qauv MCU. .
(3) Muaj qauv
Tam sim no, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm lub tsev ntse ntse MCU tseem tsawg heev, thiab cov chaw muag khoom tseem ceeb tseem yog NXP, Renesas, Infineon, ST, Microchip thiab lwm lub tuam txhab MCU thoob ntiaj teb. Ntau lub tuam txhab MCU hauv tsev tau nyob hauv qhov teeb tsa, kev ua lag luam tseem yuav pom.
(4) Kev lag luam teeb meem
Cov kev tswj hwm lub tsheb ntse hauv tsheb thiab qib kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog qhov tsis siab dhau, feem ntau yog vim muaj kev sib txuam ntawm kev paub yuav ua li cas, thiab xav tau cov khoom lag luam txuas ntxiv thiab txhim kho. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim tias tsis muaj ntau MCU cov kab ntau lawm hauv domestic fabs, cov txheej txheem kuj rov qab, thiab nws yuav siv sij hawm ib lub sij hawm kom ua tiav cov khoom lag luam hauv lub teb chaws, thiab tej zaum yuav muaj nqi ntau dua, thiab kev sib tw siab nrog. thoob ntiaj teb manufacturers ntau dua.
Daim ntawv thov ntawm domestic tswj chip
Lub tsheb tswj chips yog tsim los ntawm lub tsheb MCU, kev lag luam hauv tsev xws li Ziguang Guowei, Huada Semiconductor, Shanghai Xinti, Zhaoyi Innovation, Jiefa Technology, Xinchi Technology, Beijing Junzheng, Shenzhen Xihua, Shanghai Qipuwei, National Technology, thiab lwm yam. tsheb-scale MCU khoom ib ntus, benchmark txawv teb chaws cov khoom loj, tam sim no raws li ARM architecture. Qee lub tuam txhab kuj tau ua tiav kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho ntawm RISC-V architecture.
Tam sim no, lub tsheb tswj kev tswj hwm hauv tsev nti yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub tsheb pem hauv ntej loading kev ua lag luam, thiab tau siv nyob rau hauv lub tsheb nyob rau hauv lub cev domain thiab infotainment domain, thaum nyob rau hauv lub chassis, lub hwj chim domain thiab lwm yam teb, nws tseem yog dominated. Tuam txhab uas muag txawv teb chaws xws li stmicroelectronics, NXP, Texas Instruments, thiab Microchip Semiconductor, thiab tsuas yog ob peb lub lag luam hauv tsev tau pom cov ntawv thov ntau lawm. Tam sim no, cov chaw tsim khoom hauv tsev Chipchi yuav tso tawm cov khoom lag luam siab E3 series raws li ARM Cortex-R5F thaum lub Plaub Hlis 2022, nrog rau qib kev nyab xeeb mus txog ASIL D, qhov kub thiab txias txhawb AEC-Q100 Qib 1, CPU zaus mus txog 800MHz. , nrog txog li 6 CPU cores. Nws yog cov khoom lag luam ua tau zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv loj tshaj plaws uas twb muaj lawm lub tsheb ntsuas MCU, sau qhov sib txawv hauv lub tsev high-end high-end high-end kev nyab xeeb qib tsheb ntsuas MCU kev lag luam, nrog kev ua haujlwm siab thiab kev ntseeg siab, tuaj yeem siv hauv BMS, ADAS, VCU, los ntawm -wire chassis, ntsuas, HUD, ntse rearview daim iav thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb tsheb tswj teb. Ntau tshaj 100 tus neeg siv khoom tau txais E3 rau cov khoom tsim, suav nrog GAC, Geely, thiab lwm yam.
Kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev
Post lub sij hawm: Lub Xya hli ntuj-19-2023
