Lub tsheb roj ib txwm xav tau txog 500 mus rau 600 chips, thiab txog 1,000 lub tsheb sib xyaw ua ke, ntsaws-hauv hybrids thiab cov tsheb hluav taws xob ntshiab yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 2,000 chips.
Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov ntse hluav taws xob tsheb, tsis tsuas yog qhov kev thov rau cov txheej txheem advanced chips tau txuas ntxiv mus, tab sis kuj qhov kev thov rau cov tsoos chips tseem yuav nce ntxiv. Qhov no yog MCU. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov nce ntawm cov tsheb kauj vab, tus tswj hwm tseem coj cov kev thov tshiab rau kev ruaj ntseg siab, kev ntseeg siab, thiab kev siv hluav taws xob siab MCU.
MCU, MicroController Unit, lub npe hu ua ib leeg-chip microcomputer/microcontroller/single-chip microcomputer, integrates CPU, nco, thiab peripheral functions ntawm ib nti los tsim ib tug nti-level computer nrog tswj muaj nuj nqi. Nws yog tsuas yog siv los ua kom tiav cov teeb liab ua thiab tswj. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub ntse tswj system.
MCUs thiab automotive electronics, kev lag luam, khoos phis tawj thiab tes hauj lwm, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, khoom siv hauv tsev thiab Is Taws Nem ntawm Yam muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog peb lub neej. Tsheb Electronics yog lub lag luam loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv automotive electronics, thiab tsheb electrons account rau 33% thoob ntiaj teb.
MCU qauv
MCU yog tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus processor CPU, nco (ROM thiab RAM), input thiab output I / O interface, serial chaw nres nkoj, txee, thiab lwm yam.
CPU: Central Processing Unit, lub hauv paus processor, yog cov tseem ceeb hauv MCU. Cov khoom tivthaiv tuaj yeem ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv lej lej ua haujlwm, kev ua haujlwm me ntsis sib txawv, thiab cov ntaub ntawv xa mus. Cov tswj qhov chaw tswj xyuas kev ua haujlwm raws li qee lub sijhawm los soj ntsuam thiab ua tiav cov lus qhia.
ROM: Read-only Memory yog ib qho program nco uas yog siv los khaws cov ntawv sau los ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom. Cov ntaub ntawv yog nyeem nyob rau hauv tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. Qhov tseem ceeb
RAM: Random Access Memory, yog cov ntaub ntawv nco uas ncaj qha pauv cov ntaub ntawv nrog CPU, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis tuaj yeem khaws cia tom qab lub hwj chim poob. Qhov kev zov me nyuam tuaj yeem sau thiab nyeem tau txhua lub sijhawm thaum khiav, uas feem ntau yog siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia ib ntus rau kev khiav haujlwm lossis lwm cov haujlwm khiav haujlwm.
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm CPU thiab MCU:
CPU yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj xyuas kev ua haujlwm. Ntxiv nrog rau CPU, MCU kuj muaj ROM lossis RAM, uas yog nti-qib nti. Feem ntau yog SOC (System On Chip), uas yog hu ua system-level chips uas tuaj yeem khaws thiab khiav qhov system-level code, khiav QNX, Linux thiab lwm yam kev khiav haujlwm, suav nrog ntau lub processor units (CPU + GPU + DSP + NPU + cia. + interface unit).
MCU cov lej
Tus lej hais txog qhov dav ntawm MCU txhua cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm. Ntau tus lej ntau dua, MCU cov ntaub ntawv muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo dua. Tam sim no, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog 8, 16, thiab 32 tus lej, ntawm 32 cov khoom suav nrog ntau tshaj thiab loj hlob sai.
Hauv kev siv hluav taws xob hauv tsheb, tus nqi ntawm 8-ntsis MCU yog qhov tsawg thiab yooj yim los tsim. Tam sim no, nws feem ntau yog siv rau kev tswj tau yooj yim, xws li teeb pom kev zoo, dej nag, qhov rais, rooj zaum, thiab qhov rooj. Txawm li cas los xij, rau ntau qhov nyuaj, xws li cov cuab yeej tso saib, cov ntaub ntawv kev lom zem hauv tsheb, kev tswj fais fab, chassis, kev pab tsav tsheb, thiab lwm yam, feem ntau yog 32-ntsis, thiab iteration evolution ntawm automotive electrification, txawj ntse, thiab kev sib txuas, lub tshuab xam zauv. cov kev xav tau rau MCU kuj tau nce siab thiab siab dua.
MCU tsheb authentication
Ua ntej MCU tus neeg xa khoom nkag mus rau OEM cov khoom siv saw hlau, feem ntau yuav tsum ua kom tiav peb daim ntawv pov thawj loj: theem tsim yuav tsum ua raws li tus qauv kev ruaj ntseg ISO 26262, qhov ntws thiab ntim theem yuav tsum ua raws li AEC-Q001 ~ 004 thiab IATF16949, raws li zoo li thaum lub sijhawm xeem ntawv pov thawj Ua raws AEC-Q100/Q104.
Ntawm lawv, ISO 26262 txhais cov plaub theem kev ruaj ntseg ntawm ASIL, los ntawm qis mus rau siab, A, B, C, thiab D; AEC-Q100 tau muab faib ua plaub theem kev ntseeg siab, los ntawm qis mus rau siab, 3, 2, 1, thiab 0, raws li, 3, 2, 1, thiab 0 Essence AEC-Q100 series ntawv pov thawj feem ntau siv sijhawm 1-2 xyoos, thaum lub ISO 26262 daim ntawv pov thawj yog qhov nyuaj dua thiab lub voj voog ntev dua.
Daim ntawv thov ntawm MCU hauv kev lag luam tsheb hluav taws xob ntse
Daim ntawv thov ntawm MCU hauv kev lag luam tsheb yog dav heev. Piv txwv li, pem hauv ntej lub rooj yog daim ntawv thov los ntawm lub cev accessories, lub hwj chim systems, chassis, tsheb cov ntaub ntawv kev lom zem, thiab ntse tsav tsheb. Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm cov tsheb fais fab ntse, tib neeg qhov kev thov rau MCU cov khoom yuav muaj zog dua.
Hluav taws xob:
1. Roj teeb tswj qhov system BMS: BMS yuav tsum tswj cov nqi thiab tawm, kub, thiab roj teeb ntsuas. Lub rooj tswj hwm tseem ceeb yuav tsum muaj MCU, thiab txhua tus qhev console kuj xav tau ib qho MCU;
2.Tsheb Controller VCU: Kev tswj xyuas lub tsheb fais fab yuav tsum tau nce lub tsheb tswj, thiab tib lub sijhawm nws tau nruab nrog 32-ntsis high-end MCUs, uas txawv ntawm cov phiaj xwm ntawm txhua lub Hoobkas;
3.Engine maub los / gearbox maub los: Tshuag hloov, hluav taws xob tsheb inverter tswj MCU lwm cov roj tsheb cav maub los. Vim lub cev muaj zog ceev, lub reducer yuav tsum tau decelerated. Lub gearbox maub los.
Kev txawj ntse:
1. Tam sim no, kev lag luam tsheb hauv tsev tseem nyob hauv L2 high-speed penetration theem. Los ntawm cov nqi sib tw thiab kev xav txog kev ua tau zoo, OEM nce ADAS muaj nuj nqi tseem lees txais kev faib khoom. Nrog rau qhov nce hauv kev thauj khoom, MCU ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sensor ua haujlwm kuj nce raws li.
2. Vim tias muaj ntau qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cockpit, lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab tshiab tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb, thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm MCU tau poob qis.
Khoom siv tes ua
MCU nws tus kheej muaj qhov tseem ceeb rau kev suav lub zog thiab tsis muaj qhov xav tau siab rau cov txheej txheem siab heev. Tib lub sijhawm, nws cov built-in embedded cia nws tus kheej kuj txwv kev txhim kho ntawm MCU txheej txheem. Siv cov txheej txheem 28nm nrog MCU cov khoom. Cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kev cai tsheb yog feem ntau 8-inch wafers. Qee lub tuam txhab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog IDM, tau pib hloov pauv ntawm 12-nti platform.
Cov txheej txheem 28nm thiab 40nm tam sim no yog lub ntsiab ntawm kev ua lag luam.
Cov tuam txhab lag luam hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws
Piv nrog rau kev noj thiab kev lag luam-qib MCUs, lub tsheb-theem MCU muaj cov kev xav tau siab dua nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm ib puag ncig, kev ntseeg siab thiab kev muab khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau nkag mus, yog li cov qauv kev lag luam ntawm MCU yog qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv dav dav. Hauv 2021, tsib lub tuam txhab MCU saum toj kawg nkaus hauv ntiaj teb suav txog 82%.
Tam sim no, kuv lub teb chaws lub tsheb-theem MCU tseem nyob rau lub sijhawm qhia, thiab cov saw hlau muaj peev xwm zoo rau thaj av thiab kev hloov pauv hauv tsev.
Lub sij hawm xa tuaj: Plaub Hlis-08-2023
